![]() ![]() However, successful bacterial cancer treatment could cooperatively use a collection of bacterial strains designed for specialized purposes. There are also clinical trials in progress to confirm the efficacy of bacteria for the treatment of canine and human patients with cancer. coli), have been found to specifically target tumors with limited toxicity, as well as being used as vectors for gene delivery. typhimurium), Clostridium, and Escherichia Coli (E. Since then, several bacteria, including Salmonella typhimurium (S. Coley first found that Streptococcus pyrogens can be actively used in the treatment of cancer. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: This work was supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( ), grant number No. Received: JanuAccepted: NovemPublished: December 5, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Zhang et al. PLoS ONE 12(12):Įditor: Aamir Ahmad, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, UNITED STATES (2017) Proteus mirabilis inhibits cancer growth and pulmonary metastasis in a mouse breast cancer model. These findings demonstrated that Proteus mirabilis may a promising bacterial strain for used against primary tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis, and the immune system and reduction of tumor hypoxia may contribute to the antineoplastic and antimetastatic effects observed.Ĭitation: Zhang H, Diao H, Jia L, Yuan Y, Thamm DH, Wang H, et al. Furthermore, tumor expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) and hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a), surrogates for hypoxia, was significantly lower in the treated group than the control group mice as assessed by IHC and western analysis. Results showed that the expression of NKp46 and CD11c was significantly increased after bacteria treatment. The results suggested Proteus mirabilis localized preferentially to tumor tissues and remarkably suppressed the growth of primary breast cancer and pulmonary metastasis in murine 4T1 models. ![]() Histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western analysis were then performed on excised tumors. To further investigate the efficacy and safety of bacterial injection, mice bearing 4T1 tumors were treated with an intravenous dose of 5×10 7 CFU Proteus mirabilis bacteria via the tail vein weekly for three treatments. In the present study, Proteus mirabilis bacteria were evaluated for the ability to proliferate and accumulate in murine tumors after intravenous injection. However, the antitumor effects of Proteus species have been minimally studied, and it is not clear if bacteria can alter tumor hypoxia as a component of their antineoplastic effect. ![]() A series of mechanisms, including native bacterial toxicity, sensitization of the immune system and competition for nutrients, may contribute to antitumor effects. A variety of bacteria have been used as agents and vectors for antineoplastic therapy. ![]()
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